tad ity anabhisandhaya phalam yajna-tapah-kriyah, dana-kriyash ca vividhah kriyante moksha-kankshibhih
With the word 'Tat' (meaning 'That'), acts of sacrifice, austerity, and charity are performed by seekers of liberation without any desire for fruits.
- •Tat signifies the impersonal Absolute — all acts offered to That are liberating
- •Renouncing the fruits of spiritual actions is the path to moksha
- •Desireless action dedicated to the Absolute purifies the practitioner
sad-bhave sadhu-bhave ca sad ity etat prayujyate, prasaste karmani tatha sac-chabdah partha yujyate
The word 'Sat' is used in the sense of reality and goodness, and it is also used for auspicious acts, O Partha. Sat expresses the eternal and the truly excellent.
- •Sat denotes ultimate reality, truth, and what is genuinely good
- •Auspicious and meritorious actions are described as Sat
- •The syllable Sat connects worldly virtue with eternal truth
yajne tapasi dane ca sthitih sad iti cocyate, karma caiva tad-arthiyam sad ity evabhidhiyate
Steadfastness in sacrifice, austerity, and charity is also called Sat. And any action performed for the sake of the Supreme is likewise called Sat.
- •Consistency and perseverance in spiritual practice is itself called Sat
- •Actions performed for the sake of the Divine are aligned with ultimate reality
- •Sat encompasses both the quality of one's being and the orientation of one's deeds
asraddhaya hutam dattam tapas taptam kritam ca yat, asad ity ucyate partha na ca tat pretya no iha
Whatever is offered, given, practiced as austerity, or performed without faith is called 'Asat' — it is of no value either in this world or the next, O Partha.
- •Faith (sraddha) is the indispensable foundation of all spiritual acts
- •Actions performed without faith are called Asat — unreal and worthless
- •The chapter closes by emphasizing that without sraddha, no practice yields lasting fruit